Federal Investments in Elementary Education

AI in Education and WorkforceHouse Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies · 2025-02-26 · 119th Congress
The House Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, HHS, Education met to examine whether federal K-12 funding improves student outcomes and to discuss expanding school choice, against the backdrop of falling NAEP scores and the Trump administration's cuts to Department of Education staff, contracts, and possible elimination of the department. Begins at 0:07:47
Transcript
Highlights

Title

Federal K-12 funding effectiveness, school choice, and Education Department's future

Purpose

The House Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, HHS, Education met to examine whether federal K-12 funding improves student outcomes and to discuss expanding school choice, against the backdrop of falling NAEP scores and the Trump administration's cuts to Department of Education staff, contracts, and possible elimination of the department. Four witnesses testified: Virginia Gentles and Dr. Lindsey Burke argued federal spending has grown without improving outcomes and urged block-granting funds to states, while Robert Kim and Starlee Coleman argued federal investment and civil-rights enforcement remain essential, particularly for low-income students, students with disabilities, and charter schools. Begins at0:07:47

Who spoke

Chairman Robert Aderholt (R-AL)0:07:47: Opened by citing NAEP data showing one-third of 8th graders reading below basic level0:08:47 and said federal Title I funding ($19B/year, plus $190B in COVID aid) has not driven better outcomes0:10:18; later asked witnesses about hiring trends and non-teaching staff growth0:52:42.

Ranking Member Rosa DeLauro (D-CT)0:13:50: Said DOGE/Elon Musk illegally froze appropriated education funds and canceled $1B in Education Department contracts, including Institute of Education Sciences research0:16:21; cited a Northwestern University review finding 12 of 13 studies show a positive spending-outcomes link0:17:52 and Dr. Rucker Johnson's Title I research linking funding to graduation and earnings0:19:54; noted the majority's FY25 bill cuts $8.6B, nearly half from Title I0:22:56; in closing cited a prior "Massie Amendment" vote where 5 of 7 sitting subcommittee Republicans supported eliminating all federal K-12 funding2:20:36.

Virginia Gentles, Defense of Freedom Institute0:27:27: Said 70% of students aren't reading or doing math proficiently and just 2% of Black 8th graders in Milwaukee are math-proficient0:28:580:29:28; recommended block-granting Title I/IDEA and a federal tax credit for school choice0:31:59.

Dr. Lindsey Burke, Heritage Foundation0:32:30: Said per-pupil federal spending has tripled since 1965 while teachers fell to 47.5% of school staff and non-teaching staff grew 79% since 19500:34:01; cited Eric Hanushek's finding of "no strong or systematic relationship" between spending and performance0:34:31; later said ~90% of Education Department programs fail her ineffective/duplicative/inappropriate test and should be cut or moved to other agencies, keeping Title I and IDEA funding intact but relocated1:44:44.

Robert Kim, Education Law Center0:37:33: Said the 17 subcommittee members' districts alone receive $3B annually in federal funds for 1.3 million students0:40:05; warned block-granting IDEA would reduce accountability and, over time, total funding0:57:45; said vouchers divert accountability and civil-rights protections away from students1:22:32.

Starlee Coleman, National Alliance for Public Charter Schools0:43:06: Said 8,000+ charter schools serve 3.7 million students and touted the federal Charter Schools Program as the only federal school-choice line item, citing examples in Idaho, Texas, and Alabama0:44:37; cautioned that "money alone won't solve our problems but we can't fix them without it"0:46:07.

Rep. Andy Harris (R-MD)1:00:16: Called public education "a dismal failure on the world stage"1:00:46; disclosed that participants in DC's Opportunity Scholarship Program are roughly 98–99% non-white1:02:16; supported block-granting funds to states and eliminating the Department of Education1:03:47.

A Democratic committee member1:05:49: Argued federal funding helps ensure equitable education across states, invoked Frederick Douglass, and pressed Robert Kim to confirm the federal government cannot dictate local curriculum1:10:23 and that withholding funds over curriculum would be illegal1:10:54.

A Republican committee member (referencing Michigan's constitution)1:12:25: Asked witnesses whether parents are children's primary educators and probed Blaine Amendments, which Gentles called "born of bigotry" and discriminatory against Catholics1:16:28.

A Democratic committee member from Wisconsin1:17:59: Asked witnesses what percentage of federal education funding could be cut; noted a recent bill would cut 45% ($330B) from education1:18:59 and cited Milwaukee data showing 75% of voucher recipients already attended private school and roughly 20% annual voucher-student attrition1:20:001:21:00.

A Republican committee member1:25:33: Argued 86% of school funding comes from state/local sources and that federal requirements add bureaucracy without improving outcomes1:27:04.

Rep. Lois Frankel (D-FL)1:31:36: Argued well-funded public education underlies other countries' success and asked Robert Kim about the importance of Department of Education civil-rights enforcement, noting roughly 12,000 paused discrimination investigations1:33:371:34:08.

A Republican committee member from Georgia1:39:41: Cited Georgia's new Promise Scholarship program enrolling 22,000 students starting March 11:41:11 and asked Gentles and Burke how federal dollars should be reallocated toward school choice1:42:44.

Rep. Madeleine Dean (D-PA)1:46:45: Said Pennsylvania received $4.67B in American Rescue Plan education funds that helped recover 20–50% of pandemic learning loss1:50:18; listed states most reliant on federal K-12 funding, including West Virginia, Mississippi, and others1:52:49.

Rep. Riley Moore (R-WV)1:54:23: Described creating West Virginia's Hope Scholarship program as state treasurer, funded by redirecting a portion of per-pupil state dollars to a "digital wallet" for private or home schooling1:55:23; advocated national ESA-style school choice, including for military and Native American children1:58:241:59:25.

Rep. Bonnie Watson Coleman (D-NJ)2:00:26: Asked rapid-fire yes/no questions on eliminating the Department of Education and whether charter-school funding follows students who leave2:00:562:01:27; discussed New Jersey school segregation with Kim2:01:58.

Rep. Julia Letlow (R-LA)2:09:01: Discussed her Empowered Charter Schools Educators to Lead Act to fund charter planning grants, citing a Louisiana autism charter school's two-year, 250-page application process2:12:02; discussed her Parents Bill of Rights Act2:12:33.

A Democratic committee member2:14:33: Described his brother David's IEP experience and objected to characterizing IDEA/Title I changes as neutral "shifts" the morning after a reconciliation vote he said cut education funding2:16:34; pressed Burke, Coleman, Gentles, and Kim on whether they support cutting special-education funding, all of whom said no2:17:04.

Key moments

Aderholt and DeLauro clashed over causation: Aderholt cited NAEP showing one-third of 8th graders reading below basic level as evidence funding doesn't work0:08:47, while DeLauro cited a Northwestern University review finding 12 of 13 studies show a statistically significant positive funding-outcomes link0:17:52.

DeLauro said Elon Musk's DOGE canceled $1B in Education Department contracts, including Institute of Education Sciences research and data collection0:16:21, and cited a poll showing 58% of voters oppose eliminating the Department while 68% favor increasing school funding0:20:55.

Harris revealed DC's Opportunity Scholarship voucher program serves roughly 98–99% non-white students, using it to argue school choice benefits minority families1:02:16.

Kim and Burke disagreed sharply on block-granting IDEA: Kim said federal IDEA funding has never reached its authorized 40% match level and warned block grants historically shrink over time and reduce accountability0:57:450:58:45, while Burke argued IDEA protections wouldn't change and only funding "management" would shift to parents1:29:36.

A Wisconsin Democratic member cited Milwaukee voucher data: roughly 75% of voucher recipients nationally already attended private school, and about 20% of Milwaukee voucher students leave those schools annually, with academic gains when they return to public school1:20:001:21:00.

Burke stated that only 65 cents of every federal education dollar reaches the classroom, per the 1998 "Education at a Crossroads" report, and that federal per-pupil spending has tripled in real terms since 19650:36:330:32:59.

Coleman said the federal Charter Schools Program is the only federal line item for school choice, funding new charters run by retired military officers in Idaho and an aerospace charter high school in Alabama0:44:060:44:37.

Dean listed states most reliant on federal K-12 funding — including West Virginia, Mississippi, and Louisiana — noting many are represented by members who favor eliminating federal education funding1:52:491:53:20.

Moore said West Virginia's Hope Scholarship, a statewide ESA program, allowed families in the state's coalfields to travel long distances to alternative schools, while three successive teacher pay raises coincided with continued declines in public-school achievement1:55:231:56:23.

DeLauro closed by noting that in a prior vote to eliminate all federal K-12 funding (the "Massie Amendment"), 5 of the 7 subcommittee Republicans present at the time voted in favor, and said current proposals would cut $4.7B from Title I2:20:362:22:06.

Metadata

CommitteeHouse Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
Chamber / CongressHouse · 119th Congress
Date2025-02-26
TypeHearing
Witnesses
Mr. Robert Kim — Executive Director, Education Law Center
Ms. Starlee Coleman — President and CEO, National Alliance for Public Charter Schools
Ms. Virginia Gentles — Director, Defense of Freedom Institute for Policy Studies
Dr. Lindsey Burke — Director of the Center for Education Policy, The Heritage Foundation
Videoyoutube
Transcript274 caption blocks · 21,978 words · 2:24:52 runtime
EventCongress.gov 117937