H.R. 1 – One Big Beautiful Bill Act

House Rules and Floor ProcedureHouse Rules · 2025-05-21 · 119th Congress
The House Rules Committee convened just after 1:00 a.m. Begins at 0:15:02
Transcript
Highlights

Title

House Rules Committee marathon meeting on the "One Big Beautiful Bill" reconciliation package

Purpose

The House Rules Committee convened just after 1:00 a.m. on May 21, 2025, to consider H.R. 1, the sprawling budget reconciliation package combining tax cuts, Medicaid and SNAP changes, border security funding, energy and public lands provisions, and federal workforce reforms from eleven House committees. Chair Virginia Foxx (R-NC) defended the overnight timing by citing precedents from prior Congresses, while Ranking Member Jim McGovern (D-MA) and dozens of Democratic members used the hearing to argue the schedule was designed to avoid public scrutiny of a bill they said would cut health coverage, food assistance, and add trillions to the deficit while cutting taxes for the wealthy. The committee heard testimony across three panels of committee chairs and ranking members, followed by hours of Democratic member testimony on proposed amendments. Begins at0:15:02

Who spoke

Chair Virginia Foxx (R-NC)0:15:02: Defended the 1:00 a.m. start time by citing 2007 and 2022 Democratic precedents0:15:31 and denied hiding the bill's contents0:16:44.

Ranking Member Jim McGovern (D-MA)0:25:19: Accused Republicans of holding the hearing at night to hide a bill that would kick 14 million off Medicaid and cut food assistance0:25:48; repeatedly pressed witnesses throughout the day on Medicaid, SNAP, and tax cut distribution data10:15:07.

Rep. Adam Smith (D-WA), Armed Services Ranking Member0:41:20: Argued defense hawks couldn't support the bill because tax cuts would prevent sustained defense investment given rising deficits0:41:45.

Chairman Mike Rogers (R-AL), Armed Services0:39:29: Said the $150 billion in defense funding addresses historically low defense spending as a share of GDP and modernizes the nuclear triad and shipbuilding0:39:501:37:20.

Chairman Jodey Arrington (R-TX), Budget0:53:47: Called Democratic characterizations of the bill "trash" or a "scam" mischaracterizations, defended a 2.6% growth assumption0:53:472:27:30.

Rep. Brendan Boyle (D-PA), Budget Ranking Member0:56:23: Cited CBO findings of the largest Medicare cut in history via PAYGO sequestration ($535 billion) and largest Medicaid/ACA cuts0:57:461:50:10.

Chairman French Hill (R-AR), Financial Services0:44:58: Said the committee cut the deficit by $5.2 billion by capping CFPB funding at $249 million and eliminating PCAOB fees0:46:160:47:08.

Rep. Maxine Waters (D-CA), Financial Services Ranking Member0:48:36: Warned a 70% CFPB budget cut would gut an agency that returned $21 billion to consumers0:50:192:01:04.

Chairman James Comer (R-KY), Oversight1:00:03: Defended federal retirement reforms citing a CBO finding that federal benefits cost 43% more per hour than private-sector benefits2:06:19.

Rep. Stephen Lynch (D-MA), Oversight Ranking Member1:03:47: Detailed cuts to the FERS annuity supplement (~$18,000/year) and a shift from high-3 to high-5 salary calculations costing retirees thousands1:05:061:28:18.

Rep. Austin Scott (R-GA)1:34:46: Questioned witnesses on the 37% top tax bracket and border/defense investment figures1:34:46.

Rep. Delia Ramirez (D-IL)1:40:27: Dubbed the hearing "DC After Dark," argued the bill lacked a final CBO score and would trigger a $3.8 trillion deficit increase1:41:411:45:40.

Rep. Brian Jack (R-GA)2:04:06: Highlighted that retired employees' benefits are unaffected and air traffic controllers/law enforcement are exempted from retirement changes2:04:342:09:04.

Rep. Michelle Fischbach (R-MN)5:41:07: Disputed characterizations of the hearing as "rammed through," noting all provisions went through committee5:41:07.

Rep. Ashley Hinson (R-IA)5:43:26: Compared markup lengths across committees to argue the process was not secretive5:43:26.

Rep. Teresa Leger Fernandez (D-NM)3:01:08: Presented CBO distributional charts showing wealth transfer from poor to rich and criticized tribal land sale provisions3:02:395:36:20.

Rep. Joe Neguse (D-CO)4:50:56: Extensively questioned Chairman Jim Jordan on a contempt-of-court provision he called unconstitutional4:53:19.

Chairman Jim Jordan (R-OH), Judiciary3:45:19: Defended $80B+ in immigration enforcement funding and disputed Neguse's reading of the contempt provision4:53:37.

Rep. Jamie Raskin (D-MD), Judiciary Ranking Member3:47:49: Cited 155 court losses against the administration and warned the contempt-enforcement provision was "blatantly unconstitutional"3:48:375:03:53.

Chairman Mark Green (R-TN), Homeland Security3:34:29: Credited Trump policies with a 97% drop in border encounters and defended $46 billion for the wall3:35:243:36:24.

Rep. Bennie Thompson (D-MS), Homeland Security Ranking Member3:39:36: Called the bill's homeland title "putting lipstick on a pig," criticizing a proposed $50 million jet for Secretary Noem and stalled FEMA disaster declarations3:43:044:24:43.

Chairman Bruce Westerman (R-AR), Natural Resources3:54:35: Touted over $20 billion (or up to $91.5 billion by outside estimates) in energy-related revenue and savings3:55:34.

Rep. Jared Huffman (D-CA), Natural Resources Ranking Member4:01:03: Called the title the "Environmental Liquidation for Billionaires Act," citing a midnight land-sale provision in Nevada and Utah4:01:584:04:46.

Chairman Sam Graves (R-MO), Transportation4:06:28: Defended new EV/hybrid fees to fund the Highway Trust Fund and $21 billion for Coast Guard recapitalization4:07:524:08:38.

Rep. John Larson (D-CT), Transportation Ranking Member4:09:32: Warned the bill claws back already-awarded neighborhood infrastructure grants, including in 41 Republican districts4:13:21.

Chairman GT Thompson (R-PA), Agriculture5:50:51: Defended SNAP cost-sharing and work requirements as restoring "program integrity" and said states caused $13 billion in erroneous payments5:52:469:09:41.

Rep. Angie Craig (D-MN), Agriculture Ranking Member5:55:12: Said states could face up to $700 million+ per year in new costs and that the bill redefines "dependent" as under age 75:55:235:56:03.

Chairman Tim Walberg (R-MI), Education and Workforce5:59:28: Said the bill saves $350 billion by reforming student loans and preserving Pell Grants5:59:55.

Rep. Bobby Scott (D-VA), Education Ranking Member6:02:24: Said 4 million students could lose Pell access and cited an Urban Institute estimate of 18.3 million children losing free school meals6:02:526:05:17.

Chairman Brett Guthrie (R-KY), Energy and Commerce6:08:35: Said the committee exceeded its $880 billion savings target partly through Medicaid work requirements and said state-directed payments were "held harmless"6:09:046:58:36.

Rep. Frank Pallone (D-NJ), Energy and Commerce Ranking Member6:13:09: Cited CBO's finding of nearly $800 billion in Medicaid cuts and 8.6 million losing coverage, plus a 10-year ban on state AI regulation6:15:136:19:50.

Chairman Jason Smith (R-MO), Ways and Means6:23:13: Touted permanent 2017 tax cuts, no tax on tips/overtime, and said households under $100,000 get a 13% tax cut6:23:136:27:03.

Rep. Gwen Moore (D-WI), Ways and Means6:29:50: Said millionaires get an average $81,500 annual tax cut versus $265 for those under $50,000, a 310x disparity6:37:227:41:16.

Rep. Kathy Castor (D-FL)6:30:38: (referenced as questioner) — largely procedural.

Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY)9:39:14: Introduced amendments to strike Medicaid/SNAP cuts, calling the bill "unconscionable" and citing Matthew 259:39:429:41:38.

Whip Katherine Clark (D-MA)9:46:19: Detailed how defunding Planned Parenthood would close nearly 600 clinics, calling it a "triple threat" to women's health9:46:489:48:16.

Caucus Chair Pete Aguilar (D-CA)9:51:23: Warned states can't absorb new SNAP cost-shares and offered amendments protecting food assistance9:52:12.

Rep. Tim Kennedy (D-NY)10:24:28: Offered amendments preserving Medicaid expansion's 10% state cost share and community health center family-planning funding10:25:00.

Rep. Norma Torres (D-CA)10:29:42: Highlighted that California is a "donor state" sending $83 billion more to the federal government than it receives10:32:28.

Rep. Al Green (D-TX)10:35:00: Advocated restoring SNAP skimming-victim reimbursements and linked the bill's rhetoric on work to the history of slavery10:36:1710:39:50.

Rep. Steven Horsford (D-NV)10:41:22: Criticized the bill for ignoring housing costs and proposed a veterans' housing fund financed by a stock buyback surtax10:43:5010:45:09.

Rep. Emilia Sykes (D-OH)10:48:36: Offered an amendment blocking billionaire tax cuts if Medicaid/SNAP are cut, citing a constituent's cancer care10:48:3610:51:04.

Rep. Debbie Dingell (D-MI)10:53:37: Sought to protect Medicaid home- and community-based services and opposed Trump's "most-favored-nation" drug pricing reversal10:54:0010:56:38.

Rep. Jimmy Gomez (D-CA)10:59:16: Cited JCT data showing families earning under $30,000 would pay more in taxes while billionaires get a $270,000 annual cut10:59:3311:20:43.

Rep. Robin Kelly (D-IL)10:53:0411:04:18: Proposed mandating 12 months of continuous postpartum Medicaid/CHIP coverage, citing Michigan's reduction in maternal deaths11:04:4211:06:28.

Rep. Joe Neguse (D-CO)11:14:09: Praised colleagues' amendments and pressed on the no-tax-on-tips standalone bill.

Rep. Maxine Dexter (D-OR)11:23:56: Proposed striking a new public-protest fee on oil/gas leasing and requiring uncompensated-care reporting for Medicaid cuts11:24:5111:26:48.

Rep. Troy Carter (D-LA)11:28:55: Offered amendments protecting environmental justice grants, funding Next Gen 911, and barring detention of citizens for speech11:29:2011:32:21.

Rep. Jill Tokuda (D-HI)11:34:42: Cited a constituent, "Anna," whose family narrowly qualifies/loses SNAP benefits11:36:39.

Rep. Suzanne Bonamici (D-OR)11:39:39: Offered a WIC-protection amendment and opposed a 10-year state AI-regulation ban11:39:4611:42:09.

Rep. Maggie Goodlander (D-NH)11:45:01: Proposed conditioning $50 billion in new defense spending on the Pentagon passing its first-ever independent audit11:47:2811:48:14.

Rep. Melanie Stansbury (D-NM)11:49:34: Called the bill "hell no," citing tax breaks for the wealthy, cuts to tribal judicial review, and federal workforce protections11:50:2011:52:24.

Rep. April McClain Delaney (D-MD)11:53:50: Closed by lamenting the lack of "common ground" in the process.

Key moments

CBO analysis released mid-hearing found the bill would trigger PAYGO sequestration resulting in a $535 billion cut to Medicare — the largest cut to the program in its history, confirmed by Rep. Boyle and disputed by no Republican witness1:50:105:34:19.

CBO distributional data showed the bottom 10% of households would see a roughly 4% loss in resources while the top 10% would gain about 2%, with the top 0.1% averaging a $255,000 annual benefit versus $265 for those earning under $50,0001:15:087:41:16.

Moody's downgraded the U.S. credit rating days before the hearing, which Rep. Scanlan and Rep. Boyle cited as directly tied to the bill's projected addition of $3.8–4 trillion to the deficit1:46:057:22:37.

Rep. Neguse's extended exchange with Chairman Jordan established that a court-contempt-enforcement provision (§70302) would apply to all federal civil cases nationwide, not just immigration cases, and would retroactively nullify existing injunctions, including one Jordan himself had supported in Missouri v. Biden4:56:245:07:16.

Rep. Raskin revealed that a single DOGE staffer unilaterally cancelled roughly $800 million in already-appropriated DOJ community policing and victim-assistance grants across dozens of states, which Republicans declined to restore via amendment4:42:394:43:32.

Chairman GT Thompson and Ranking Member Craig clashed over SNAP: Thompson said states could meet a new 5% cost-share within two years, while Craig cited 23 governors' letters warning states could not afford it, with Pennsylvania alone facing a roughly $1 billion annual cost7:01:187:02:16.

Rep. Gwen Moore's Ways and Means questioning produced Chairman Smith's admission that provisions like no-tax-on-tips and the enhanced child tax credit are temporary (expiring 2029), unlike permanent corporate provisions7:11:577:12:53.

Rep. Norman's floor remarks defending "work" as central to American identity drew sharp pushback from Reps. Moore and Leger Fernandez, who argued the bill's SNAP work requirements would newly apply to single parents of seven-year-olds7:53:527:56:15.

Democratic members repeatedly noted the bill repeals a decades-old excise tax on gun silencers (estimated $1.4 billion in lost revenue) while cutting food assistance to millions, contrasting it with a similar repeal of the tanning-bed tax8:14:298:46:14.

The committee held a party-line roll call (4 yeas–9 nays) at 1:00 a.m. rejecting a Democratic motion to adjourn and reconvene at a "reasonable hour"0:36:530:38:38.

Metadata

CommitteeHouse Rules
Chamber / CongressHouse · 119th Congress
Date2025-05-21
TypeMeeting
Witnesses
(none listed in event metadata)
Videoyoutube
Transcript1,576 caption blocks · 106,096 words · 11:54:57 runtime
EventCongress.gov 118300