Clean Rolls, Secure Elections: Reviewing Voter List Maintenance Standards

House Rules and Floor ProcedureCommittee on House Administration · 2025-07-22 · 119th Congress
The Committee on House Administration convened this hearing to examine how states maintain accurate voter rolls under the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA), including how courts have interpreted the law's "reasonable effort" standard and whether Congress should tighten it. Begins at 0:02:55
Transcript
Highlights

Title

House hearing on federal voter list maintenance standards and NVRA reform

Purpose

The Committee on House Administration convened this hearing to examine how states maintain accurate voter rolls under the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA), including how courts have interpreted the law's "reasonable effort" standard and whether Congress should tighten it. Witnesses testified about legal disputes in Illinois, Michigan, Maine, and North Carolina, and a North Carolina voter described her personal experience being flagged in a registration-list challenge. Begins at0:02:55

Who spoke

Chairman Bryan Steil (R-WI)0:02:55: Opened the hearing on voter list maintenance, noted DOJ's statement of interest against Illinois over 34 counties with no list-maintenance data0:05:22, and later questioned witnesses on NVRA standards and non-citizen removal authority0:28:56.

Ranking Member Morelli (D)0:07:15: Argued Republican-led states have conducted "systematic illegal voter purges," cited North Carolina's 200,000 registration challenges and Texas purge attempts0:07:430:09:10, and later questioned witness Mary Kay Hailing about her experience0:34:04.

Mr. J. Christian Adams, Public Interest Legal Foundation0:12:43: Testified that courts have interpreted "reasonable effort" under NVRA Section 8 to require almost nothing beyond having a program, citing Sixth and Eleventh Circuit rulings0:13:41; said Michigan had over 25,000 dead registrants on active rolls0:15:04 and Maine had roughly 18,000 apparently deceased registrants0:17:12; recommended states use commercial credit data to clean rolls0:18:03.

Mr. Justin Riemer, Restoring Integrity and Trust in Elections0:18:32: Said NVRA's floor is too low (relying only on NCOA postal data) and its ceiling too restrictive, with nearly 70% of confirmation notices to nonresident voters going unreturned0:19:47; criticized the 90-day pre-election "blackout period" that can freeze list maintenance for up to 270 days0:20:43; described finding 10,000 deceased Virginia registrants missed by predecessors0:21:40.

Ms. Mary Kay Hailing, North Carolina voter0:23:29: Testified she voted regularly since 2016 but was flagged post-2024 on an "incomplete voter registration list" due to a clerical error with her Social Security digits0:24:440:25:36; said she is now among 200,000+ North Carolina voters whose registrations are being challenged in *US v. North Carolina Board of Elections*0:26:33.

Rep. Terri Sewell (D-AL)0:44:56: Described Alabama Secretary of State Wes Allen's purge that removed over 2,000 eligible voters, including her constituent Hazel Hoff, a naturalized citizen wrongly flagged as noncitizen0:45:500:46:51.

Rep. Barry Loudermilk (R-GA)0:51:04: Cited the 2025 MLB All-Star Game's return to Atlanta as evidence Georgia's election integrity law didn't suppress turnout0:51:30; questioned Riemer on deceased-voter removal processes and the 90-day blackout0:53:110:55:00.

Rep. Yvette Herrell/Torres (D-CA)0:56:47: Entered NBC and ABC News articles into the record alleging Mr. Adams' organization published personal data of falsely accused voters and was forced to apologize in a Virginia lawsuit settlement0:57:110:58:21; argued Republican-led voter roll actions aim to sow distrust and suppress votes0:59:41.

Rep. Greg Murphy (R-NC)1:01:56: Said North Carolina's board of elections was long run by Democrats and is now under Republican legislative control running a "Registration Repair Project"1:02:30; referenced the Michigan secretary of state's refusal to remove 22,000 dead registrants1:03:19.

Rep. Julie Johnson (D-TX)1:06:49: Argued Texas makes voting hardest by barring online registration and same-day registration1:10:05; cited Gov. Abbott's attempts to remove 95,000 and later 1.1 million voters that were found to include citizens1:08:501:09:18; entered a Brennan Center article on the SAVE program into the record1:11:55.

Rep. Troy Balderson/Kerry (R-OH)1:12:21: Highlighted Ohio Secretary of State Frank LaRose's annual audits and weekly public posting of voter registration data1:13:47; asked Adams about transparency and jurisdictional disparities in list maintenance1:14:531:15:20.

Rep. Mary Miller (R-IL)1:16:21: Detailed DOJ's statement of interest in Judicial Watch's Illinois lawsuit, noting 34 jurisdictions failed to report list-maintenance data and 19 counties reported zero death-based removals1:17:351:18:02; questioned Adams and Riemer on reporting requirements and Virginia's statutory list-maintenance practices1:19:49.

Key moments

Adams said courts in the Sixth and Eleventh Circuits have interpreted NVRA's "reasonable effort" standard to require only that a program exist, regardless of effectiveness — "the proof is not in the pudding"0:15:04.

DOJ's statement of interest alleges 34 Illinois counties provided no data showing the state conducts voter list maintenance0:05:22, with Miller noting 19 of those counties reported zero deaths among registrants over two years1:18:02.

Riemer said nearly 70% of NVRA confirmation mailings to potentially nonresident voters go unreturned, and officials must then wait through two federal general elections before removal0:19:47.

Hailing testified her name was flagged despite providing valid ID and matching Social Security digits at registration, and she was never notified of the discrepancy before the 2024 election0:24:440:25:36.

Sewell's constituent Hazel Hoff, a naturalized U.S. citizen since 2022 with a valid Alabama Star ID, received a letter 84 days before the election stating he'd been removed from the voter rolls0:47:15.

Adams disclosed his organization found roughly 18,000 apparently deceased registrants and about 900 interstate duplicate registrations in Maine this year, and that Maine passed a statute to fine his organization for publicizing findings, later struck down by the First Circuit0:17:120:17:34.

Torres entered articles alleging Adams' Public Interest Legal Foundation published names, addresses, and Social Security numbers of people falsely accused of voter fraud, resulting in a court-ordered apology in a Virginia settlement0:57:520:58:21.

Julie Johnson said Texas Gov. Greg Abbott attempted to remove 95,000 voters in 2019 and later 1.1 million voters, both efforts later found to have wrongly targeted naturalized citizens0:48:500:49:18.

Adams said Michigan Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson had over 25,000 dead registrants on active rolls, some registered decades after death, while courts still found her program legally sufficient0:15:040:15:52.

Riemer said the NVRA's 90-day blackout period before federal elections can freeze list maintenance for up to 270 days in presidential years when states hold three separate federal elections0:20:43.

Metadata

CommitteeCommittee on House Administration
Chamber / CongressHouse · 119th Congress
Date2025-07-22
TypeHearing
Witnesses
Mr. J. Christian Adams — President & General Counsel, Public Interest Legal Foundation
Mr. Justin Riemer — President and Chief Executive Officer, Restoring Integrity and Trust in Elections
Ms. Mary Kay Heling — Voter
Videoyoutube
Transcript183 caption blocks · 12,997 words · 1:22:03 runtime
EventCongress.gov 118502