Work, Dignity, and Choice in Disability Employment

Health Care Costs and Drug PricingHouse Education and Workforce · 2026-02-13 · 119th Congress
The House Education and Workforce Committee held a field hearing at Green Valley Enterprises in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, to examine Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act, which allows employers to pay workers with disabilities a wage below the federal minimum based on assessed productivity. Begins at 0:05:06
Transcript
Highlights

Title

Field hearing on Section 14(c) subminimum wage certificates for disabled workers

Purpose

The House Education and Workforce Committee held a field hearing at Green Valley Enterprises in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, to examine Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act, which allows employers to pay workers with disabilities a wage below the federal minimum based on assessed productivity. Members toured the facility beforehand and heard from witnesses representing a community rehabilitation provider, a parent of a 14(c) employee, an academic advocate for phasing out subminimum wage, and a coalition supporting continued access to 14(c) certificates. Begins at0:05:06

Who spoke

Rep. Glenn Grothman (R-WI), Chairman0:05:06: Opened by describing his district's many 14(c) facilities and his support for preserving them0:05:25; criticized the Biden administration's since-withdrawn rule to phase out 14(c)0:18:22; recounted an anecdote of a worker who lost a 50–75 cent/hour job and became depressed0:19:47; closed by noting Green Valley is celebrating 60 years and warning of what happened when a local facility in his district closed1:43:17.

Rep. Burgess Owens (R-UT)0:10:07: Framed the issue around a culture of work and self-reliance from his upbringing0:10:28; argued critics who want to end 14(c) don't visit facilities or understand what work means to participants0:13:12; later pressed witnesses on why Missouri and Wisconsin have bipartisan support for 14(c)0:59:42 and on unintended consequences of eliminating it, citing a Maine study in which two-thirds of significant-disability workers could not find new jobs after 14(c) ended1:02:00.

Barbara LeDuc, President and CEO, Opportunities, Inc.0:23:31: Said 93% of 14(c) organizations are community rehabilitation programs providing more than employment [0:23:31 pre-hearing note by chair, testimony 0:24:29]; cited a 2025 GAO finding that states eliminating 14(c) could not track what happened to displaced workers0:26:33; described a formative early-career moment when a parent explained why community employment wasn't right for their child1:06:36; read a letter from a father saying his son with Down syndrome "will be heartbroken" if 14(c) ends1:08:07.

Kathy Armstrong, parent of a 14(c) employee (Clara)0:29:34: Said her 37-year-old daughter Clara, who has Down syndrome, thrives on the daily structure of her 14(c) job0:31:49; noted federal WIOA rules bar 14(c) work until age 26, forcing years of failed community-job attempts first0:30:54; described a friend of Clara's counted as "employed in the community" while working only one hour a day, five days a week1:14:02; said Clara calls Green Valley "my real job" even while also working in the community1:30:44.

Dr. Laura Owens, Professor, UW-Milwaukee / President, TransCen, Inc.0:35:10: Argued subminimum wage reflects "subjective assessments of productivity" and that nearly half of 14(c) workers earn under $3.50/hour0:36:07; cited multi-state data showing employment among people with significant disabilities rose after states eliminated subminimum wage, including in Vermont0:38:24; shared worker stories, including David Pino earning $48 for two weeks under 14(c) versus $375 for one week after leaving0:38:54; said 15 states plus D.C. had eliminated subminimum wage as of 20240:39:22.

Kit Brewer, Vice President, Coalition for the Preservation of Employment Choice0:40:43: Said his own facility, Project CU in St. Louis, paid an average wage over $10/hour last month0:41:33; argued the 2025 GAO study found major data gaps, with only 39–46% of tracked individuals in Colorado and Oregon making a successful employment transition after losing 14(c)0:45:05; said 14(c) serves under half of one percent of the roughly 45.8 million Americans with disabilities1:04:42; described his coalition's 22-state, multi-stakeholder advocacy effort1:32:39.

Key moments

Grothman said a closed facility he'd visited estimated over half its former employees ended up in day services, about 25–30% went home, and only a similar share entered vocational rehab with no guarantee of a job0:17:061:18:30.

LeDuc cited the 2025 GAO study's finding that states eliminating 14(c) could not track where displaced workers went0:26:33; Brewer separately detailed that in Colorado and Oregon the GAO could not even locate roughly half the ~2,000 affected individuals, and among those found only 39–46% transitioned successfully0:45:051:24:26.

Dr. Owens said nearly half of 14(c)-certificate workers earn less than $3.50 an hour, calling it "not a functioning labor market"0:36:07, while Brewer countered that Project CU's average wage exceeds $10/hour, disputing the "subminimum wage" framing0:42:00.

Armstrong described a friend of her daughter's being counted as a successful community-employment transition while working only one hour a day, five days a week1:14:02, and said her daughter Clara, despite outside jobs, calls Green Valley "my real job"1:30:44.

Brewer said 14(c) covers no more than 150,000–200,000 people nationally out of 45.8 million Americans with disabilities, calling it "a niche cross-section"1:04:18.

Dr. Owens said states eliminating subminimum wage saw employment gains for people with significant intellectual disabilities and cited Vermont's full elimination of Section 14(c) as an example0:38:24.

Owens (Rep.) cited a Maine study finding two-thirds of workers with significant disabilities could not find jobs after 14(c) was eliminated there1:02:00.

LeDuc read a letter from a father, Rick Wilson, stating his son with Down syndrome "will be heartbroken" if his 14(c) program ends and "there's no way" he'll achieve competitive integrated employment1:08:07.

Sixteen states have eliminated 14(c) certificates or otherwise require full minimum wage, per both Brewer and Rep. Owens0:52:491:02:31.

Missouri passed a bipartisan 2017 resolution supporting 14(c) as part of an employment continuum and later authorized a state-level special minimum wage certificate as a backstop if the federal program ends1:00:09.

Metadata

CommitteeHouse Education and Workforce
Chamber / CongressHouse · 119th Congress
Date2026-02-13
TypeHearing
Witnesses
Mr. Kit Brewer — Vice President, Coalition for the Preservation of Employment Choice
Mrs. Barbara LeDuc — President and CEO, Opportunities, Inc.
Mrs. Kathy Armstrong — Parent of a 14(c) employee
Dr. Laura Owens — Professor at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and President, TransCen, Inc.
Mr. Kit Brewer — Vice President, Coalition for the Preservation of Employment Choice
Mrs. Barbara LeDuc — President and CEO, Opportunities, Inc.
Dr. Laura Owens — Professor at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and President, TransCen, Inc.
Mrs. Kathy Armstrong — Parent of a 14(c) employee
Videoyoutube
Transcript237 caption blocks · 14,557 words · 1:44:19 runtime
EventCongress.gov 118931