Hearings to examine a review of the USDA reorganization proposal

Farm Economy and USDA OversightSenate Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry · 2025-07-30 · 119th Congress
The Senate Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee convened this hearing on short notice to examine Secretary Brooke Rollins's newly announced USDA reorganization plan, which would relocate roughly 2,600 employees from the National Capital Region to five regional hubs (Raleigh, Fort Collins, Kansas City, Salt Lake City, and Indianapolis) and close four D.C.-area buildings. Begins at 0:19:02
Transcript
Highlights

Title

USDA reorganization plan to relocate Washington headquarters staff

Purpose

The Senate Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee convened this hearing on short notice to examine Secretary Brooke Rollins's newly announced USDA reorganization plan, which would relocate roughly 2,600 employees from the National Capital Region to five regional hubs (Raleigh, Fort Collins, Kansas City, Salt Lake City, and Indianapolis) and close four D.C.-area buildings. Deputy Secretary Stephen Vaden testified as the sole witness, defending the plan's rationale, timeline, and cost savings, while members from both parties pressed him on the lack of advance consultation with Congress and stakeholders, impacts on research, nutrition programs, and disaster relief. Begins at0:19:02

Who spoke

Chair John Boozman (R-AR)0:19:02: Opened by welcoming Deputy Secretary Vaden, noting his short tenure, and framing the committee's interest in how reorganization affects USDA's on-the-ground presence in rural America0:20:38; later asked about the post-30-day implementation timeline0:34:16 and how the plan improves rural program delivery0:36:43.

Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN), Ranking Member0:22:56: Said the administration released a "half-baked plan" without consulting agricultural leaders0:22:56, cited 15,000 employees already lost to buyouts and firings0:23:16, and pointed to a 2023 GAO report finding the ERS/NIFA relocation produced fewer reports and slower grant processing0:25:24; pressed Vaden on failure to consult the Farm Bureau or National Farmers Union0:39:38 and on food-nutrition office closures affecting over 40 million SNAP recipients0:43:19.

Deputy Secretary Stephen Vaden, USDA0:28:58: Said the plan relocates 2,600 employees versus 2,200 who left D.C. unnoticed under Biden0:29:24, that only 4 of 4,754 USDA facilities would close0:31:25, and that USDA is following the bipartisan USE IT Act's 60% building-occupancy mandate0:32:22; cited an estimated $4 billion in savings, including $1.9 billion from the deferred resignation program and $2.2 billion in avoided deferred maintenance1:13:01; said 90 of 94 ARS research labs are unaffected0:41:40.

Sen. John Hoeven (R-ND)0:47:52: Recalled the first Trump administration's ERS move to Kansas City involved a collaborative process with Congress and urged the same approach now0:48:13; questioned why none of the five hubs are within 600 miles of North Dakota0:49:32.

Sen. Michael Bennet (D-CO)0:53:40: Asked Vaden to elaborate on the intended Fort Collins hub and its Forest Service ties0:53:40; stressed that wildfire-related reorganization decisions carry life-and-death stakes for the West and urged deep consultation0:57:50.

Sen. Cindy Hyde-Smith (R-MS)0:59:37: Raised concerns about eliminating the Agricultural Research Service's Southeast Area Office in Stoneville, Mississippi, which oversees 27 research locations and nearly 500 scientists1:00:58; got Vaden's assurance staff there are expected to remain1:04:30.

Sen. Tina Smith (D-MN)1:05:27: Asked about two Minnesota ARS facilities affected by layoffs and vacancies1:05:27, receiving assurance they are among the 90 of 94 unaffected labs1:06:22; pressed on tribal consultation1:07:19 and rural development's future as a mission area1:09:14.

Sen. Tommy Tuberville (R-AL)1:11:44: Cited $37 trillion in federal debt and 25,000 lost farms, asking for cost estimates of the reorganization1:12:48, which Vaden put at roughly $4 billion in savings1:13:01; asked about SNAP error rates in Alabama1:15:12.

Sen. Peter Welch (D-VT)1:16:46: Said Vermont has already lost 78 USDA staff and questioned whether the plan is "on the level" or is decimating the workforce1:17:12; challenged Vaden on firing employees while claiming to support local control1:18:27.

Sen. Roger Marshall (R-KS)1:22:38: Touted Kansas City's proximity to research universities and the Kansas City Federal Reserve as an asset for the hub1:22:38; cited $10 billion and $16 billion in recent disaster/farm aid delivered quickly1:25:03.

Sen. Ben Ray Luján (D-NM)1:28:35: Pressed on the planned elimination of the Forest Service's Albuquerque regional office affecting 250 employees1:29:03, repeatedly asked when the committee would receive analysis and information1:32:08, and asked whether a disparate-impact analysis on nutrition access had been done1:34:06.

Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)1:34:45: Noted Nebraska was named in the memo without being a hub, and got confirmation that the Meat Animal Research Center, an ARS facility at UNL, and the NRCS soil center in Lincoln are all unaffected1:37:46.

Sen. Raphael Warnock (D-GA)1:39:45: Asked whether disaster-relief staff, including those overseeing $21 billion secured for Georgia farmers after Hurricane Helene, would be affected1:40:16; cited a 65% decline in Black staff after the prior Kansas City relocation and asked if a disparate-impact analysis would be conducted, which Vaden did not commit to1:44:301:46:42.

Sen. Jerry Moran (R-KS)1:46:50: Asked whether Foreign Agricultural Service or Farm Service Agency functions would move outside D.C.1:47:43, and about the future of Kansas City's RMA compliance and grain inspection offices1:49:17.

Sen. Adam Schiff (D-CA)1:52:32: Noted California, the top agriculture-producing state, would get no regional hub, with Salt Lake City over 500 miles from the Central Valley1:52:59; cited a prior GAO finding that half of relocated ERS/NIFA staff did not move and replacements were less experienced1:54:22; noted all six California Regional Conservation Partnership awards were canceled and the state was excluded from disaster block-grant criteria1:56:18.

Sen. Jim Justice (R-WV)1:59:54: Argued from his farming background that the plan isn't reaching farmers effectively and said West Virginia should have been considered for a hub2:01:18, but declined to ask questions, expressing broad support for helping farmers2:04:18.

Sen. John Fetterman (D-PA)2:04:36: Raised union concerns about lack of advance negotiation on relocation2:06:07 and sought unanimous consent to enter a 2019 relocation-incentive agreement into the record2:06:37; also asked about continuity of spotted lanternfly control programs2:08:22.

Sen. Joni Ernst (R-IA)2:09:22: Cited data showing USDA's South Building was only 36.9% occupied on its highest-attendance day and said former Secretary Vilsack's 2024 testimony about building usage "was not even close to correct"2:10:38; promoted her FOR SALE Act to dispose of underutilized federal buildings2:12:00.

Key moments

Vaden said the plan relocates about 2,600 employees, comparing it to 2,200 who left D.C. during the Biden administration "with no congressional notice" and no committee hearing0:29:24.

Vaden said only 4 of USDA's 4,754 facilities would close, based on the bipartisan USE IT Act's 60% occupancy requirement, which passed 97-1 and which no current USDA D.C.-area building meets0:31:250:32:22.

Klobuchar and Vaden clashed repeatedly over consultation: Vaden confirmed USDA did not consult the Farm Bureau or National Farmers Union before releasing the plan, saying "the consultation process has just begun"0:40:030:40:12.

Vaden estimated the reorganization would save at least $4 billion, including $1.9 billion from the deferred resignation program and $2.2 billion in avoided deferred maintenance on four D.C.-area buildings1:13:011:13:32.

Hyde-Smith detailed the Stoneville, Mississippi ARS Southeast Area Office (27 locations, ~500 scientists, $9.9 million budget) and Vaden said current plans keep staff there1:03:521:05:02.

Warnock cited a 65% decline in Black staff following the 2019 Kansas City relocation and asked if a disparate-impact analysis would be conducted; Vaden would not commit, prompting Warnock to say "I take that as a no"1:44:301:46:421:46:46.

Luján repeatedly asked when the committee would receive the department's existing analysis and information; Vaden said "when we finalize it," leading to a sharp back-and-forth over timing1:32:361:32:50.

Schiff noted California, the nation's top agriculture producer, would get no hub while all six of its Regional Conservation Partnership Program awards were canceled and it was excluded from disaster block-grant eligibility criteria1:56:181:52:59.

Ernst presented data showing USDA's South Building hit only 36.9% occupancy on its highest day, versus a Biden-era whistleblower dispute over 2023 utilization rates that Secretary Vilsack had called inaccurate2:11:112:14:01.

Sen. Justice, describing his own farming background, argued the reorganization isn't reaching farmers as intended and suggested West Virginia should have been considered for a hub, though he declined to pose formal questions2:00:472:01:18.

Metadata

CommitteeSenate Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
Chamber / CongressSenate · 119th Congress
Date2025-07-30
TypeMeeting
Witnesses
(none listed in event metadata)
Videosenate-isvp
Transcript354 caption blocks · 15,285 words · 2:16:21 runtime
EventCongress.gov 337344